What is Cushing’s Syndrome? Understanding the Causes and Symptoms

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

Cushing’s syndrome is a rare health problem. It happens when your body has too much cortisol, a hormone made by your adrenal glands. Because cortisol helps control blood sugar, blood pressure, and stress, having too much can cause many issues. According to the CDC, Cushing’s syndrome can affect both adults and children. However, it is more common in adults, especially women. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious health problems.

Common Symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome

Many people with Cushing’s syndrome notice changes in their body. Some symptoms may develop slowly, so they can be hard to spot at first. Still, knowing the signs can help you get help sooner. Common symptoms include:

Weight gain, especially around the belly and face

Round, red face (often called “moon face”)

Thin arms and legs, but a larger trunk

Easy bruising and slow healing cuts

Weak muscles, especially in the upper arms and thighs

High blood pressure

Thin skin that may look shiny

Stretch marks, often purple or pink, on the belly, thighs, or arms

Bone pain or weak bones

In women, irregular periods or extra facial hair

In children, slowed growth

Because these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice them.

Causes and Risk Factors

Cushing’s syndrome happens when your body has too much cortisol for a long time. There are several reasons why this can occur. For example, some people take steroid medicines, like prednisone, for other health problems. These medicines can raise cortisol levels. Other causes include:

Tumors in the pituitary gland (called Cushing’s disease)

Tumors in the adrenal glands

Tumors elsewhere in the body that make ACTH, a hormone that tells the body to make more cortisol

Some risk factors include being female, using steroid medicines for a long time, or having certain tumors. However, anyone can develop Cushing’s syndrome.

How Cushing’s Syndrome is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find out if you have Cushing’s syndrome. First, they will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, they may do a physical exam. After that, you may need tests to check your cortisol levels. Common tests include:

Urine tests to measure cortisol over 24 hours

Blood tests to check hormone levels

Saliva tests, often done at night when cortisol should be low

Imaging tests, such as CT or MRI scans, to look for tumors

Because other conditions can cause similar symptoms, your doctor may repeat tests to be sure. Early diagnosis helps prevent long-term problems.

Treatment Options

Treatment for Cushing’s syndrome depends on the cause. For example, if steroid medicine is the cause, your doctor may lower your dose slowly. If a tumor is found, surgery may be needed to remove it. Other treatments include:

Radiation therapy, if surgery is not possible or does not work

Medicines to lower cortisol levels

Careful monitoring and follow-up visits

Because treatment can be complex, your doctor will create a plan that fits your needs. Most people feel better after treatment, but it may take time for symptoms to improve.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent Cushing’s syndrome, some steps may help. For instance, if you use steroid medicines, take them only as your doctor prescribes. Never stop or change your dose without talking to your doctor. To support your health, you can also:

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Stay active with regular exercise, as your doctor allows

Get enough sleep each night

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

See your doctor for regular check-ups

Although these steps cannot cure Cushing’s syndrome, they can help you feel better and lower your risk of other health problems.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice symptoms like rapid weight gain, round face, or easy bruising, you should see a doctor. Early treatment can prevent serious problems. In addition, if you take steroid medicines and notice new symptoms, talk to your doctor right away. Remember, only a healthcare provider can diagnose and treat Cushing’s syndrome.

For personalized advice on Cushing’s syndrome, consult a healthcare specialist.